- By Iram Hussain
- Tue, 06 May 2025 03:58 PM (IST)
- Source:JND
World Asthma Day 2025: Asthma attacks can strike without warning, rapidly intensifying and leaving suffering. The unpredictability of these episodes makes it crucial to be prepared. Asthma affects millions worldwide, causing inflammation, airway constriction and debilitating symptoms. When an attack hits, every moment counts. Knowing how to respond can mean the difference between a manageable episode and a life-threatening crisis, emphasising the importance of awareness and preparedness.
Dr. Shivanshu Raj Goyal, Associate Director & Unit Head – Pulmonology, Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Max Hospital, Gurugram outlines six important actions everyone should be aware of when helping someone with an asthma attack. These steps can be remembered with the acronym A-S-T-H-M-A.
Asthma First Aid
A – Assessment- The first step is to assess the condition of the person. Look for warning signs such as chest tightness, wheezing, difficulty speaking in full sentences or gasping for breath. These symptoms indicate that the person is having an asthma attack and needs immediate care.
S – Sit Upright- Make sure the person is sitting upright. Do not allow them to lie down, as this can worsen breathing. Sitting upright helps expand the lungs and makes breathing easier.
T – Treat- Begin immediate treatment using the “4x4x4” rule. Give 4 puffs of a rescue inhaler such as salbutamol (albuterol) or levosalbutamol. Wait for 4 minutes. If symptoms persist, repeat with another 4 puffs. If an inhaler is not available, a nebulizer with the same medication can be used.
H – Help- If there is no improvement or if the person’s condition worsens, seek medical help right away. Call an ambulance or take the person to the nearest hospital emergency department.
M – Monitor- Stay with the patient and closely monitor their symptoms. Do not leave them alone. Watch for any changes in their breathing or alertness, and be ready to act if the situation deteriorates.
A – All OK / Act Further- Even if the person feels better after using the inhaler, they should still see a pulmonologist as soon as possible for further evaluation and to review their asthma management plan. If there is no improvement, ensure they are taken to the hospital for admission and further treatment.
Remembering these six steps—Assessment, sit upright, treat, help, monitor and act—can make a vital difference in managing an asthma emergency effectively and potentially saving a life.
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