At What Age Does The Risk Of Alzheimer’s Typically Increase? Doctor Insights

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory, thinking, behaviour and the ability to perform everyday activities. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for approximately 60–80% of all cases. Named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who first identified it in 1906, the condition is characterised by the abnormal buildup of proteins—beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain, leading to the death of brain cells over time. This deterioration results in a steady decline in cognitive and functional abilities, severely impacting quality of life.

In a conversation with The Daily Jagran, Dr Atul Prasad, vice chairman and HOD, neurology, BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital explained at what age the risk of Alzheimer's increases.

Age Group And Most Affected Individuals

Alzheimer’s disease most commonly affects older adults, particularly those over the age of 65. The risk doubles approximately every five years after this age. Although it is often seen as a condition of old age, early-onset Alzheimer’s can occur in individuals as young as 40 or 50, though such cases are relatively rare (less than 5% of total cases). Women are more frequently affected than men, partly because they tend to live longer. In addition, people with a family history of Alzheimer’s, certain genetic mutations (like the APOE ε4 gene) or chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity are at higher risk.

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Precautions And Prevention Tips

While there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s, certain lifestyle changes may reduce the risk or delay its onset:

1. Healthy Diet: Following a brain-friendly diet like the Mediterranean or DASH diet, rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can support cognitive health.

2.  Regular Exercise: Physical activity improves blood flow to the brain and may reduce inflammation and insulin resistance.

3.  Mental Stimulation: Engaging in activities such as reading, puzzles, learning new skills, or playing musical instruments helps maintain cognitive reserve.

4. Social Engagement: Maintaining strong social connections may delay cognitive decline by reducing stress and promoting emotional well-being.

5. Sleep Hygiene: Poor sleep, especially sleep apnea, is linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s. Aim for 7–8 hours of quality sleep per night.

6. Control Health Conditions: Managing chronic conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol can reduce risk.

7. Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol: These habits can damage blood vessels and increase inflammation, which may contribute to Alzheimer’s.

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When To Visit A Doctor?

It’s crucial to seek medical attention if you or a loved one notices signs of cognitive decline that go beyond typical age-related forgetfulness. Warning signs include:

1. Frequent memory loss that disrupts daily life

2. Difficulty in problem-solving or completing familiar tasks

3. Confusion with time or place

4. Trouble understanding visual images or spatial relationships

5. Misplacing things and being unable to retrace steps

6. Changes in mood, personality, or withdrawal from work and social activities

Early diagnosis allows for better planning, management of symptoms, and access to available treatments and support services. If one notices these symptoms, especially if they are progressive and persistent, consult a neurologist for further evaluation.