We are all well aware of the devastating impact smoking has on our lungs from chronic bronchitis to life-threatening lung cancer. However, the dangers of smoking extend far beyond respiratory health. One often overlooked yet significant risk is the link between smoking and high blood pressure. The chemicals present in tobacco smoke damage blood vessel walls, causing them to narrow and stiffen which in turn increases blood pressure. This elevates the risk of heart disease, stroke and kidney disease.
In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Vinit Banga, Director- Neurology & Head Neurointervention, Fortis Escorts Hospital Faridabad explained how smoking can increase high blood pressure.
Is Smoking A Cause Of High Blood Pressure?
Smoking is a confirmed risk factor for a number of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension (high blood pressure). Although everyone knows that smoking has an effect on the lungs, its effect on blood pressure is rarely mentioned.
Nicotine, the major addictive ingredient of tobacco products triggers the discharge of adrenaline. The hormone induces the heart to beat more quickly and narrows blood vessels, resulting in a temporary elevation of blood pressure. Cyclic exposure to nicotine during the day maintains blood pressure higher on a more chronic basis and this may account for chronic hypertension over time.
Studies have revealed that even occasional smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke increases blood pressure levels. Chronic hypertension which develops as a result of long-term smoking can further give rise to complications in the form of heart attacks, strokes and kidney disease.
Crucially, it is possible to reverse some of these damaging effects by quitting smoking over a period of time. In weeks, blood pressure can begin to adjust and cardiovascular risk starts to fall. Quitting will not necessarily restore perfectly normal blood pressure, particularly if other influences such as obesity or diet are also at work but it is an important first step towards a healthier heart.
In summary, smoking does cause hypertension through a number of direct and indirect pathways. Both patients and physicians should be cognizant of this association and smoking cessation should be a part of the management or prevention of hypertension.
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