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Harmful Effects Of Firecracker Smoke On Eyes: The tradition of lighting firecrackers is deeply embedded in cultural celebrations worldwide. While these festivities bring joy and excitement, they also come with a high environmental cost, primarily through air pollution. Children are especially vulnerable to this pollution and one area often overlooked is the impact on their delicate eyes. Firecracker pollution can significantly harm children’s eye health and needs proper care and attention.

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr Neeraj Sanduja, MBBS, MS, Ophthalmologist, and Eye Surgeon, Viaan Eye and Retina Centre explained how firecracker pollution harms the eye health of children and offered suggestions on how to safeguard them during festivities.

The Hidden Dangers of Firecracker Pollution

Firecrackers release a cocktail of harmful chemicals into the air, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). When ignited, these firecrackers emit smoke and toxins that can linger in the air, creating a haze that severely impacts respiratory health and vision. The fine particles and toxic gases in the smoke are particularly harmful to children because their bodies and immune systems are still developing.

Fireworks contain heavy metals and chemicals like barium, copper and strontium that produce the vibrant colours we associate with fireworks displays.

Immediate Effects on Children's Eyes

Irritation and Redness- They can cause instant irritation, resulting in redness, a burning sensation and a feeling of dryness in the eyes. Children may rub their eyes to alleviate discomfort which can exacerbate the irritation and introduce more contaminants.

Allergic Reactions- Children who are predisposed to allergies may suffer from allergic conjunctivitis during fireworks displays. This condition is characterized by itchy, watery eyes and can be particularly uncomfortable for children.

Corneal Injuries- These injuries can happen when particles land directly in the eye or when children rub their eyes after coming into contact with pollutants. Corneal abrasions may cause pain, sensitivity to light and blurred vision.

Increased Risk of Infections- Airborne pollutants weaken the eye’s natural defence mechanisms, making it easier for bacteria and viruses to infect the eye. Conjunctivitis and other eye infections are common during festivals involving firecrackers, especially in children.

Long-Term Impact on Eye Health

Prolonged exposure to firecracker smoke can have long-term effects on eye health, particularly in children. Repeated exposure can lead to chronic eye conditions like dry eye syndrome, interfere with normal eye development and potentially damage the retina. This can contribute to a faster progression of eye-related issues as children grow.

Ways To Protect Children’s Eyes During Firecracker Celebrations

Despite the health risks, it is possible to celebrate while minimising harm to children’s eye health. Here are some steps that parents can take.

Limit Exposure

If you know there will be extensive fireworks displays, limit your child’s outdoor exposure to reduce contact with smoke and pollutants. Try to stay indoors, especially during the peak fireworks hours.

Wear Protective Eyewear

For families who do choose to attend firework displays, providing children with protective glasses or goggles can help shield their eyes from smoke and flying debris.

Keep Eyes Moisturised

Pollution can lead to dry, irritated eyes. Artificial tears or lubricating eye drops can help keep the eyes moisturised, reducing discomfort. Consult with an eye specialist for recommendations on safe products for children.

Educate Children

Teach children about the importance of not rubbing their eyes if they feel discomfort. Instead, encourage them to wash their hands and use a cold compress if they experience eye irritation.

Seek Medical Help When Needed

If your child experiences persistent redness, itching, or discomfort after being exposed to firecracker smoke, consult an eye care professional promptly. Early intervention can prevent minor symptoms from becoming serious conditions.

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