Diabetes and hypertension are two of the most common chronic health conditions affecting millions worldwide and both have been identified as significant risk factors for strokes. Understanding the interplay between these conditions and their impact on stroke risk is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies. High blood pressure or hypertension puts excessive strain on blood vessels leading to damage over time, while diabetes affects how the body processes glucose and can lead to vascular complications.

When these two conditions coexist, the risk escalates even further. Research shows that individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to suffer a stroke compared to those without the condition, largely due to the detrimental effects diabetes has on blood vessels and circulation. Furthermore, hypertension can lead to the hardening of arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis which narrows blood flow and can result in blockages that precipitate strokes. 

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Pankaj Soni, Principal Director, Internal Medicine, Fortis Escorts, Okhla Road, New Delhi explained how hypertension and diabetes may elevate your risk of stroke.

How Diabetes And Hypertension Cause Stroke?

According to Dr Soni, approximately 80 per cent of strokes are due to ischemic cerebral infarction and 20 per cent to brain haemorrhage. Atherosclerosis is by far the most common cause of in situ local disease within the large extracranial and intracranial arteries that supply the Brain Elevated LDL-C levels are correlated with stroke risk Statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of major adverse cerebrovascular accidents. They not only lower cholesterol but have anti-atherothrombotic, anti-inflammatory properties.

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor whose prevalence is increasing worldwide Cardiovascular complications  (macrovascular complications) of Coronary Artery Disease,  stroke, and peripheral artery disease pose the primary threat to mortality for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 

diabetes (8)

Can Diabetes And Hypertension Cause Stroke (Image Credits: Canva)

Tight Glycemic control with hba1c levels between 6.5 to 7 and less intraday variability of sugar levels can be protective. Lifestyle modification along with GLP 1 receptor agonists or SGLT2  or DPP4 inhibitors have been shown to reduce the incidence of strokes in diabetic people.

Diabetes leads to elevated blood sugar levels which over time can damage blood vessels and nerves, making them more susceptible to complications. This vascular damage can promote the development of atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in arteries, narrowing them and increasing the risk of clot formation. On the other hand, hypertension directly affects the elasticity of blood vessels and can lead to their rupture or blockage. When both conditions are present, they can create a dangerous synergy, significantly increasing the risk of both transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and strokes.

ALSO READ: Doctor Lists Lifestyle Habits That Can Increase Risk Of Stroke

ALSO READ: 4 Nutritious Green Juices To Drink Regularly To Maintain Healthy Blood Sugar Levels