Doctor Explains Why Fatty Liver Is Underestimated In India And What Are Its Potential Consequences Too?

Fatty liver disease is an increasingly common yet often overlooked health issue in India, with a prevalence of around 30-40% in the population. This condition results from excessive fat accumulation in the liver and is generally classified into two categories: Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). AFLD occurs due to alcohol consumption, while NAFLD is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Bhavesh Patel, Consultant Gastroenterologist at Bhailal Amin General Hospital, discussed why the severity of fatty liver disease is often underrated in the Indian population and its potential consequences.

According to Dr. Patel, one of the major reasons is a lack of awareness. Many individuals believe that liver disease is caused only by alcohol, leading them to ignore NAFLD, which is, unfortunately, emerging as a widespread epidemic. NAFLD is often overlooked because people with the condition remain asymptomatic until they develop liver cirrhosis. Over the years, dietary habits in India have shifted from nutritious grains, lentils, and vegetables to processed foods and unhealthy fats. High carbohydrate consumption—such as white rice, sugary beverages, and fried foods—contributes to insulin resistance and fat accumulation in the liver.

In India, health checkups typically focus on diabetes, cholesterol, and heart health, while liver function tests are often neglected unless a patient exhibits severe symptoms. Standard blood tests may not always detect fatty liver; imaging techniques like ultrasound and FibroScan are essential for accurate diagnosis. People with metabolic syndrome and other risk factors should undergo regular screenings, as fatty liver disease is completely reversible if detected in time, added Dr. Patel.

Finally, Dr. Patel emphasized that if NAFLD is not treated early, it can progress to more severe conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis occurs when liver tissue becomes scarred, leading to a loss of function and, in extreme cases, requiring a liver transplant. Chronic liver inflammation also increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, a type of liver cancer that often goes undiagnosed until its late stages, resulting in low survival rates. Research also suggests that individuals with fatty liver disease are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular issues, a leading cause of death in India. Additionally, fatty liver worsens insulin resistance, and poorly managed diabetes accelerates liver damage, increasing the risk of cirrhosis and other complications.