• Source:JND
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In kidney failure (also known as renal failure), various skin changes can occur due to the accumulation of waste products, electrolyte imbalances, and the effects of reduced kidney function. In fact, approximately 50-100% of patients with renal failure experience at least one skin condition or colour change. In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Naveen Reddy Avula, Consultant Nephrologist at the Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology in Hyderabad, discussed whether kidney failure leads to skin colour changes and what patients should know.

Skin Changes Observed in Kidney Failure

Dry and Itchy Skin (Pruritus):

  1. One of the most common skin changes in kidney failure is severe dryness and itching, often caused by the buildup of waste products (such as urea) in the bloodstream, which irritate the skin.
  2. Excessive scratching can lead to white lines on the skin.

Pale or Yellowish Skin (Uremic Frost):

  1. In advanced kidney failure, a condition called uremia occurs, leading to the accumulation of waste products in the blood. This can cause the skin to appear pale or slightly yellowish.
  2. In severe cases, uremic frost, a crystalline deposit of urea and other waste products, may form on the skin.

Darkened Skin (Hyperpigmentation):

  1. Uremic pigmentation can cause skin darkening, often in areas like the elbows, knees, and hands.
  2. The skin may develop a bronze or grayish hue due to waste buildup or hormonal imbalances.

Pale or Mottled Skin:

  1. Anemia, a common complication of kidney failure, can make the skin appear pale or mottled (blotchy and uneven in color).

Nail Changes:

  1. Nails may become brittle, discolored, or develop horizontal white bands known as Muehrcke's lines, which are often associated with severe kidney disease.

Calcium Deposits Under the Skin:

  1. Some individuals may develop calcium deposits in their skin. If these deposits break through the skin, a chalky discharge may be visible.

Acquired Perforating Dermatosis:

  1. This condition is characterized by hyperkeratotic papules, dark pigmented areas, and patchy lesions, primarily on the lower limbs.

How To Manage It?

  1. Keeping the skin hydrated with a moisturizer containing 5% to 10% urea or emollients can help with dryness, itchiness, and cracking.
  2. Iron therapy may be required for anemia.
  3. Blood-producing agents (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents) can help manage low red blood cell counts.
  4. Protecting the skin from sunlight using sunscreen or appropriate clothing is essential.