Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, resulting from either insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Type 1 diabetes is primarily autoimmune and hereditary, with a strong genetic basis, while type 2 diabetes is largely influenced by lifestyle factors and accounts for 90% of cases in India. The theme for 2024, "Breaking Barriers, Bridging Gaps," underscores the commitment to reducing diabetes risks and ensuring access to high-quality care for everyone affected by the disease. In recent years, type 2 diabetes has become increasingly prevalent, especially among younger populations, including adolescents and young adults. This rise is closely linked to lifestyle trends associated with modern living, particularly sedentary habits.

Today's generation spends significantly more time engaged in activities requiring minimal physical movement, such as using smartphones, watching television, and other screen-based entertainment. These sedentary behaviors reduce calorie expenditure and negatively impact insulin sensitivity, a critical factor in the development of diabetes. In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Swamikannu M., Director and Senior Consultant of Internal Medicine at MGM Healthcare, discussed how modern lifestyles contribute to the increasing prevalence of diabetes among today’s generation.

Physical Activity

Physical inactivity leads to fat accumulation, which is metabolically active and releases inflammatory substances that increase insulin resistance. Regular exercise is essential as it improves insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake in muscle cells. However, in the current generation, the lack of sufficient physical activity weakens the body’s ability to regulate glucose, leading to chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) and, ultimately, diabetes.

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Processed Food

The consumption of processed foods and refined sugars plays a significant role in the modern lifestyle and is a major contributor to diabetes. Ultra-processed foods, often rich in sugar, saturated fats, and additives, have become a staple in the diets of younger generations, further exacerbating the risk of developing diabetes.

Stress

In today’s fast-paced world, chronic stress is increasingly common and contributes to various health issues, including diabetes. Stress triggers the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which mobilize glucose from storage into the bloodstream. Additionally, stress often leads to unhealthy coping mechanisms such as overeating, alcohol consumption, and smoking, all of which are risk factors for diabetes.

Sleep Patterns

Maintaining proper sleep patterns is crucial for metabolic health. Studies show that insufficient or irregular sleep disrupts insulin production and increases insulin resistance. This disruption occurs because inadequate sleep affects hormone levels, including cortisol and leptin, which play vital roles in glucose regulation and appetite control.

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Avoid Smoking and Drinking

Modern lifestyles also include higher rates of smoking and alcohol consumption, both of which significantly increase the risk of diabetes. Smoking is associated with increased insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, while excessive alcohol consumption can lead to pancreatitis and other metabolic disturbances, compromising insulin production.

The growing popularity of the Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) industry, the convenience of online food delivery, and the prevalence of processed foods have made unhealthy eating habits more accessible. Coupled with sedentary lifestyles, these trends have contributed to the rising incidence of diabetes, even among individuals without a genetic predisposition.

At the conclusion of the discussion, Dr. Swamikannu M. emphasized that the rise in diabetes among today’s generation is a complex issue driven by various lifestyle factors. While genetics do play a role in the onset of diabetes, modern habits such as physical inactivity, poor diet, chronic stress, and irregular sleep patterns significantly contribute to its prevalence. If you notice signs of diabetes or have risk factors like stress, poor eating habits, or a family history of the disease, it’s important to seek medical advice early. Early prevention and lifestyle modifications can help individuals manage their health effectively. With proper care and timely action, those with diabetes can lead healthy, fulfilling lives.