• Source:JND
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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health concern in India, with endemic prevalence. Every year, lakhs of people are affected by tuberculosis, leading to a significant number of deaths. TB bacilli can remain dormant in the body as a latent TB infection for years, only reactivating when immunity declines or in cases of malnutrition. Malnutrition and poor immunity are two major contributing factors, apart from poor hygiene, that increase the risk of TB in India.

Malnutrition weakens the immune system, particularly affecting people in rural areas, slums, and low-income families who lack access to nutritious food, including proteins, vitamins, and minerals. This nutritional deficiency makes them more vulnerable to infections. In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Rahul Sharma, Additional Director of Pulmonology at Fortis Hospital, Noida, discussed how malnutrition and weak immunity elevate the risk of TB.

How Malnutrition And Poor Immunity Increase Your Risk Of Tuberculosis?

According to Dr. Sharma, TB bacteria thrive when the body's immune system is compromised, increasing the risk of infection and reactivation. Pregnant and breastfeeding women are particularly vulnerable, as they require higher nutritional intake, yet often lack access to a proper diet. Additionally, obesity is also considered a risk factor, as poor nutrition and weak immunity can make individuals more susceptible to tuberculosis.

Other factors that contribute to reduced immunity and a higher TB risk include HIV/AIDS, poorly controlled diabetes, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, overcrowding, poor hygiene, chronic stress, and poor sleep quality. These conditions weaken the body's defense system, making individuals more prone to TB infection.

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Dr. Sharma emphasized that while TB was once considered a disease of the lower economic strata, it is now increasingly affecting people from all social backgrounds due to lifestyle factors and weakened immunity.

To prevent TB, he advised maintaining a balanced diet, getting adequate sleep, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding alcohol and smoking. As per Indian health guidelines, anyone experiencing an infection lasting more than two weeks should consult a doctor to rule out tuberculosis. Additionally, if one person in a household is diagnosed with TB, other family members must undergo screening as per the Government of India’s guidelines.

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Dr. Sharma concluded by stating, "By maintaining a well-balanced diet, leading a stress-free and healthy lifestyle, and ensuring proper nutrition, we can fight TB and protect ourselves and our families from this deadly disease."