Role Of Gut Microbiome In Obesity: The gut microbiome refers to the diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc that are present within the digestive tract, particularly the large intestine. These microorganisms play a crucial role in digestion, immune system regulation, and metabolism. The composition of the gut microbiome can vary significantly among individuals.

According to the Cleveland Clinic, just like a garden, your gut microbiome is affected by the nutrients and pollutants, pests and weeds it’s exposed to. The diversity of plants and their different seasons or life cycles also affect it. In your gut, this means your diet, chemical exposures, disease-causing organisms and bowel movement regularity.

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In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr Anukalp Prakash, Lead Consultant, Gastroenterology, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram explained about the gut microbiome and its role in obesity.

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Role Of Gut Microbiome In Obesity

According to Dr Prakash, the gut microbiome is involved in the fermentation of undigested carbohydrates, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as byproducts. These SCFAs can be absorbed and used as a source of energy, potentially contributing to the overall caloric load. The gut microbiome can interact with the host's endocrine system, influencing the production and regulation of hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, which play roles in appetite and energy balance.

Imbalances in the gut microbiome can lead to increased permeability of the intestinal lining, allowing bacterial components to enter the bloodstream. This can trigger inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia, which have been linked to insulin resistance and obesity-related complications.

Role Of Gut Microbiome In Obesity (Image Credits: Canva)

Dr Parakash says that the gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of dietary compounds, including the breakdown of certain fats. Variations in the gut microbial composition may affect how efficiently the body processes and stores these compounds, potentially impacting weight regulation.

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Genetic and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle, can help in shaping the composition of the gut microbiome. Certain microbial species or strains may be associated with an inclination for weight gain or obesity.