- By Iram Hussain
- Mon, 17 Feb 2025 05:55 PM (IST)
- Source:JND
A persistent or chronic cough may often seem like a minor issue but it can be an important symptom of a more serious lung condition. When a cough lasts for more than three weeks or worsens over time, it could signal a severe underlying lung disorder that requires attention. Understanding the potential link between a cough and serious lung issues is critical for timely diagnosis and treatment.
In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Shivanshu Raj Goyal, Associate Director & Unit Head, Pulmonology, Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Dwarka explained how a cough could signal a serious lung problem.
How Cough Could Be A Sign Of A Lung Problem?
1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is a group of progressive lung diseases including chronic bronchitis and emphysema which obstruct airflow and make breathing difficult. It is commonly caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or dust. One of the hallmark symptoms of COPD is a chronic cough that produces mucus. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience shortness of breath, wheezing and fatigue.
2. Lung Cancer
A chronic cough can sometimes be a sign of lung cancer, particularly when it persists or changes in nature. Lung cancer may cause a dry cough or a cough that produces blood (hemoptysis). Other symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, chest pain, wheezing and shortness of breath may accompany the cough.
3. Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a serious lung infection that can lead to a persistent cough often accompanied by fever, chills, chest pain and difficulty in breathing. Bacterial or viral infections can cause pneumonia, and if untreated, the infection can spread, leading to life-threatening complications. A cough due to pneumonia is typically productive, meaning it brings up mucus or phlegm.
4. Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition characterised by scarring of the lung tissue which gradually reduces the ability of the lungs to expand and contract properly. One of the earliest symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis is a dry, persistent cough. As the scarring worsens, individuals may also experience shortness of breath, fatigue and chest discomfort. Pulmonary fibrosis can be idiopathic (without a known cause) or caused by environmental factors, medications, or autoimmune diseases.
5. Asthma
Asthma is a chronic condition in which the airways become inflamed and narrow, causing symptoms like wheezing, chest tightness and coughing. While asthma symptoms can be triggered by allergens or irritants, in some individuals, coughing may be the primary symptom, especially at night or in the early morning.
6. Tuberculosis (TB)
TB is a contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. One of the key symptoms of TB is a persistent cough often accompanied by chest pain, weight loss, night sweats and coughing up blood. If left untreated, TB can spread to other parts of the body including the spine, kidneys and brain, causing widespread damage.
