Diabetic foot disease is a common yet serious complication of diabetes that can lead to infections, ulcers, and even amputations if left untreated. Foot ulceration is a common complication of diabetes that cannot be managed through methods such as diet, exercise, and insulin treatment. This condition affects nearly 15% of diabetic patients during their lifetime, making awareness and early intervention crucial.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, Diabetic Foot Surgeon, Podiatrist and General Surgeon, S L Raheja Fortis Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai explains about causes, symptoms and tips for diabetic foot disease and ulcers. 

Causes Of Diabetic Foot Disease

Diabetic foot disease is primarily caused by peripheral neuropathy and peripheral artery disease (PAD):

· Peripheral Neuropathy: High blood sugar levels damage nerves, leading to loss of sensation in the feet. This means injuries can go unnoticed, increasing the risk of infection.

· Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): This condition results in reduced blood flow to the extremities, which impairs healing and makes it easier for infections to take hold.

Other factors contributing to diabetic foot disease include high blood sugar levels, foot deformities, and improper footwear that causes friction or pressure points.

ALSO READ: Dangers Of Uncontrolled Blood Sugar For Type 2 Diabetes; Tips To Reduce Naturally

Early Signs Of Diabetic Foot Disease

Recognizing the early signs of diabetic foot disease can prevent severe complications. Here are some symptoms to watch for:

· Persistent Swelling: Unexplained swelling in the feet or ankles.
· Changes in Skin Colour: Redness, discolouration, or bluish tints on the feet.
· Wounds That Don’t Heal: Slow-healing sores or cuts that persist for weeks.
· Numbness or Tingling: Loss of feeling or tingling sensations in the feet.
· Foul Odour: Persistent unpleasant smells from the feet could indicate an infection.

Prompt detection and treatment of these signs are vital to prevent serious complications. When caught early, foot ulcers are treatable. Visiting your doctor right away if you develop a sore on your foot, can help reduce the likelihood of infection and progression into an infected diabetic foot ulcer.

Diabetic Foot Disease And Ulcers (Image Credits: Canva)

Ways To Manage Diabetic Foot Disease

Managing diabetic foot disease involves a proactive approach and regular care. Here are some expert-recommended strategies:

1. Daily Foot Checks: Examine your feet daily for cuts, blisters, or abnormalities.

2. Proper Footwear: Wear well-fitted, comfortable shoes that do not cause friction. Special diabetic shoes can offer additional protection.

3. Blood Sugar Control: Maintain blood sugar levels within the recommended range to prevent nerve and vascular damage.

4. Regular Exercise: Engage in low-impact activities like walking or swimming to improve circulation.

5. Foot Hygiene: Wash feet daily with warm water and apply a suitable moisturiser, avoiding the spaces between the toes to prevent fungal infections.

6. Regular Medical Check-Ups: Consult with a podiatrist regularly for professional assessments and advice.

7. Smoking Cessation: Quit smoking to enhance circulation and reduce the risk of vascular complications.

In conclusion, doctors advise that a proactive approach, coupled with regular check-ups and vigilant foot care, is essential for managing diabetic foot disease effectively. By doing so, individuals with diabetes can significantly reduce the risk of complications and maintain their mobility and quality of life.

ALSO READ: Diabetes Management Tips: Avoid Making These 5 Lifestyle Mistakes To Manage Blood Sugar Levels