What Happens During Bharat Bandh? History, Origin and Purpose Behind This Protest

All About Bharat Bandh: In India, a Bharat Bandh is a nationwide protest or shutdown that happens when individuals, organisations, or political parties wish to express their disapproval of a government policy or issue. Since the words "Bandh" and "Bharat" mean shutdown or closure and India, respectively, it refers to a total shutdown of the entire nation.

It is a type of non-violent protest with the primary objective of bringing an important issue to the public's and government's attention. Depending on the size of the protest, it frequently impacts markets, schools, government buildings, banks, and transportation. 

The United Forum of 10 Central Trade Unions has called for a 'Bharat Bandh' today, July 9, 2025, across the country. Over 250 million workers are expected to participate in this strike, including those from sectors such as banking, postal services, coal mining, insurance, electricity, and construction. In this article, we will provide a detailed explanation of what Bharat Bandh is, what happened during this time and its history.

What Happens During Bharat Bandh?

All about Bharat Bandh (Image: Jagran)

During a Bharat Bandh, several things may happen depending on the level of public support and the type of protest:

1. Malls, markets and stores may stay closed voluntarily or as a result of protesters' pressure.

2. Public transportation services, such as buses, autos and trains, may be stopped or disrupted.

3. Roads and highways may be blocked by protestors using banners, slogans, and peaceful gatherings.

4. Schools, colleges and offices may be shut down in affected areas.

5. Rallies, speeches and dharnas (sit-in protests) are held in various cities.

6. In some cases, internet services and security may be tightened to avoid violence.

Though the idea is to protest peacefully, sometimes things can turn tense or violent if situations are not handled carefully by the authorities.

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Origin of Bharat Bandh

The idea of Bharat Bandh initially emerged during India's political turmoil in the 1970s and 1980s. When then-prime minister Indira Gandhi proclaimed an emergency from 1975 to 1977, the first indications of this kind of protest appeared. During this time, opposition parties and civil society organisations started planning large-scale demonstrations against authoritarian governance and the erosion of democratic rights. As a form of civil resistance, these demonstrations paved the way for nationwide shutdowns.

This strategy was used by important trade unions and farmer movements in the 1980s and 1990s to protest rising unemployment, inflation, price increases and labour disputes. Over the years, Bharat Bandh became a powerful and symbolic form of protest across the country.

History of Major Bharat Bandh Events

Some major Bharat Bandh protests in Indian history include:

1990 Bharat Bandh

The 1990 Bharat Bandh was a nationwide strike against the implementation of the Mandal Commission recommendations, which aimed to increase reservations for backward classes in government jobs. The bandh sparked widespread protests and violence across India, polarising public opinion.

2010 Bharat Bandh

The 2010 Bharat Bandh was a nationwide demonstration against inflation and skyrocketing fuel prices. The strike, which was backed by a number of trade unions and opposition parties, caused disruptions in markets, transportation and other vital services, bringing attention to the public's dissatisfaction with economic policies.

2020–2021 Bharat Bandh

All about Bharat Bandh (Image: Reuters)

Farmers' unions throughout India organised the 2020–2021 Bharat Bandhs, which were nationwide strikes in protest of three new farm laws implemented by the central government. Citing worries about exploitation and loss of livelihood, farmers called for the laws to be repealed. In Punjab and Haryana, protests were especially intense.

Recent Bharat Bandhs

Recent bandhs in India have been sparked by various issues, including labour rights, privatisation, and economic policies. The latest Bharat Bandh on July 9, 2025, saw widespread participation from trade unions and farmers' organisations, protesting against the government's policies. Bank employees, postal workers, and transport workers joined the strike, causing significant disruptions in essential services. The protests highlighted concerns over labour rights, economic policies, and the impact of privatisation on workers' livelihoods

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Purpose Behind Bharat Bandh

The main purpose of Bharat Bandh is to:

1. Show mass public opposition to a policy or law.
2. Put pressure on the government to withdraw or change a decision.
3. Gather public and media attention to highlight neglected issues.
4. Unite people across states for a common cause.

It is a democratic right in India to protest peacefully, and a Bharat Bandh is one of the most significant ways to exercise that right.

Bharat Bandh is not just a political event, it is a voice of the people. It may cause inconvenience for a day, but it aims to raise awareness about important issues affecting the lives of millions. Whether it is about rising prices, unfair laws, or the rights of workers and farmers, Bharat Bandh reflects the spirit of democracy, unity, and peaceful resistance in India.