Winter is the time of year when people with asthma struggle to cope with their problems, since cold air, indoor allergens and seasonal illnesses usually precipitate asthma symptoms. Winter worsens asthma symptoms in 80% of patients as environmental changes trigger the onset of health issues. Cold and dry air and increased exposure to indoor allergens trigger sneezing, congestion, wheezing and shortness of breath and make it highly important for people to take preventive action.

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Manoj AG, General Physician, Consults on Practo explained common winter triggers and listed simple strategies to manage the triggers and asthma during the winter.

Some Common Winter Triggers

Cold Dry Air- Cold air acts as an airway irritant for those who suffer from asthma. It irritates the airways by causing coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. This constricts the breathing airway, making it more challenging.

Indoor Allergens- During winters, people spend more time indoors and are exposed to common allergens such as dust mites, pet dander and mould. Smoke from fireplaces or wood-burning stoves aggravates asthma symptoms or triggers allergic reactions.

Respiratory Infections- People have weakened immune systems in winter, making colds and flu more common during this period. These infections can worsen asthma and allergy symptoms. A respiratory infection can inflame the airways, leading to more frequent and severe asthma attacks.

Ways To Control Allergies And Asthma During Winter

Medication Management

For people who have asthma, they must keep taking their prescribed controller medications like inhaled corticosteroids. These medications reduce inflammation within the airways, hence preventing asthma symptoms before they occur. One should always carry their rescue inhaler, especially when going outside in the cold as it offers quick relief from asthma attacks by relaxing the muscles surrounding the airways.

Allergy Relief

Antihistamines can ease symptoms brought on by allergies due to dust mites, pet dander, or sensitivity to mould. These medications work by blocking the effects of histamine, which is responsible for triggering allergy symptoms. Nasal corticosteroids are also prescribed in the form of sprays, and they tend to decrease nasal congestion and swelling brought on by these indoor allergens.

Humidifying And Purifying Your Home

Improve the air quality and comfort of your home during winter by both humidifying and purifying it. Winter air is dry which irritates your nasal passages; thus, using a humidifier helps add moisture to the air, keeping your airways moist. Maintaining ideal humidity levels between 30-50% also prevents mould and dust mites from thriving. 

Maintain A Clean Home

Reduce allergen exposure by vacuuming regularly with a HEPA filter which traps dust and other particles. Wash bedding in hot water and use mattress and pillow covers that prevent allergens from sticking to them. Also, make sure to ventilate damp areas of your home like bathrooms and basements.

Pet Care

Pets can also be a significant source of indoor allergens. Regular grooming/bathing is necessary to remove any existing dander from your home and limit pets' access to bedrooms and furniture.

Dressing In Warm Clothes

When going outdoors, try to always keep your nose and mouth warm.

Stay Active Indoors

Respiratory infections can exacerbate asthma and allergy symptoms. Indoor workouts like yoga, pilates, or treadmill exercises can help keep your lungs healthy and your body fit.

Get Vaccinated

Flu and other colds can activate asthma, allergic reactions, and irritation in patients. Make sure that you are vaccinated against the flu and, if your physician advises you to do it, get vaccinated against the pneumonia as well.

Managing Stress Is Essential

Stress can worsen asthma and allergies, so practice relaxation techniques, get enough sleep, and maintain a balanced lifestyle for overall health.

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