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Diabetes And Fertility In Male And Female: Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, the majority living in low and middle-income countries, and 1.5 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year.

Diabetes has different sets of symptoms and effects in men and women. In women, diabetes has a huge impact on fertility. While exploring the effects of diabetes on female fertility, Dr. Priyamvada Tyagi, Consultant - Endocrinology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj said that diabetes can have a significant impact on both male and female fertility, as well as overall reproductive health. This chronic medical condition, characterised by high levels of blood sugar, can lead to a range of complications that affect the ability to conceive and maintain a healthy pregnancy.

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How Does Diabetes Affect Female Fertility?

According to Dr Tyagi, in females, diabetes can disrupt the delicate hormonal balance necessary for regular menstrual cycles and ovulation. Women with uncontrolled diabetes may experience irregular periods or even amenorrhea, the absence of menstruation. This makes it challenging to predict when ovulation occurs, which is crucial for conception. Additionally, diabetes can contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition that often causes infertility due to hormonal imbalances and irregular ovulation. High blood sugar levels can also lead to oxidative stress and inflammation in the reproductive organs, potentially damaging eggs and the uterine environment, making it difficult for a fertilised egg to implant.

How Does Diabetes Affect Male Fertility?

Dr Tyagi explained that in males, diabetes can negatively impact fertility by reducing testosterone levels and causing erectile dysfunction. Low testosterone can lead to a decrease in sperm production, impaired sperm quality, and diminished libido. Erectile dysfunction can further complicate the process of conception. The combination of these factors can make it harder for diabetic men to father children.

Diabates can have significant impact on male and female fertility (Image Credits: Canva)

Diabetes During Pregnancy

Furthermore, diabetes increases the risk of complications during pregnancy. Women with diabetes, particularly if it's poorly controlled, are more likely to experience gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, and preeclampsia. These conditions can jeopardise the health of both the mother and the developing foetus. Babies born to diabetic mothers are at higher risk of birth defects, stillbirth, and neonatal health issues.

Importance Of Diabetes Management

Proper management of diabetes is essential to mitigate its impact on fertility and reproductive health. Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels through lifestyle changes, medication, and insulin therapy can help regulate menstrual cycles and ovulation in women. For men, managing diabetes can alleviate testosterone-related issues and improve erectile function.

Before attempting to conceive, individuals with diabetes should consult healthcare professionals, such as endocrinologists, obstetricians, and fertility specialists, to develop a personalised treatment plan. This may involve optimising blood sugar control, adjusting medication, and addressing any related health concerns. A diabetes-specific preconception care plan can significantly enhance the chances of a successful pregnancy and a healthy baby.

In conclusion, Dr Tyagi said that diabetes can exert a substantial influence on fertility and reproductive health in both men and women. By diligently managing the condition and seeking appropriate medical guidance, individuals with diabetes can increase their chances of conceiving and ensuring a safe and healthy pregnancy.

 

(Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional advice, diagnosis or treatment.)