• Source:JND
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There are several reasons why living in an urban area can increase the likelihood of asthma. Due to industrial processes, buildings, and vehicle emissions, urban areas often have higher levels of air pollution, which can exacerbate asthma symptoms. Additionally, population densities in metropolitan regions are typically higher, leading to increased exposure to respiratory irritants such as mold, dust mites, and pet dander, all of which can worsen asthma. Limited access to natural spaces and clean air in urban environments can further aggravate respiratory problems.

To effectively manage their condition, individuals with asthma living in metropolitan areas—especially those prone to it—should take proactive steps such as using air purifiers, avoiding outdoor activities on days with heavy pollution, and consulting a doctor. In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Vikas Mittal, a pulmonologist at CK Birla Hospital in Delhi, discussed whether living in urban areas makes one more prone to asthma.

According to Dr. Vikas, studies suggest that symptoms indicative of asthma may be more prevalent than previously believed. While diagnosed childhood asthma rates hover around 5% in both urban and rural areas, children aged 6–12 in urban settings appear to experience more breathing difficulties and nocturnal coughs. This indicates that the actual prevalence of asthma and related conditions might be higher than the diagnosed rates.

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To manage asthma, people should use air purifiers, avoid heavy pollution-laden outdoor activities.(Image Credit:Freepik)

Further research is needed to confirm these observations and understand the potential causes behind the higher urban prevalence of asthma, particularly in Tamil Nadu. Multiple studies, including a recent meta-analysis, support the notion that children in urban areas are more likely to develop asthma compared to their rural counterparts. This increased risk appears to be most significant for children between 0–6 years old and 0–18 years old.

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Dr. Vikas noted that the risk difference appears less pronounced for children under 2 years old. Future research should focus on identifying the specific factors associated with urban living that contribute to a higher risk of asthma in children.