Heat Stroke is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's temperature regulation fails, leading to a rapid rise in core temperature. Prompt recognition and immediate first aid are crucial to prevent severe complications or death. Its clinical features include body temperature > 40°C or higher, skin dry and hot due to lack of sweating with confusion, disorientation or slurred speech and convulsions. The patient may have nausea, vomiting and dizziness. If any of these present, should be treated as a medical emergency.

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Ajay Agarwal, Senior Director - Internal Medicine, Fortis Hospital Noida explained essential do's and don'ts when someone suffers a heatstroke.

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE AS FIRST AID?

Call Emergency Services Immediately- Dial emergency services right away. Delaying medical attention can be fatal.

Move The Person to a Cooler Environment- Relocate them to a shaded or air-conditioned area to help lower their body temperature.

Remove Excess Clothing- Take off unnecessary clothing to expose as much skin as possible, facilitating heat dissipation.

Initiate Active Cooling- Immerse the person in a cold water or ice bath if available. If immersion isn't possible, apply cold, wet cloths or ice packs to areas like the armpits, neck and groin. Use fans or fanning to enhance evaporative cooling.

Monitor Vitals- I.V fluids (Normal Saline), Oxygen inhalation, clear airway secretions.

WHAT SHOULD NOT BE DONE?

Do Not Delay Medical Help- Waiting to see if symptoms improve can be dangerous. Immediate medical intervention is essential.

Do Not Give Fluids To An Unconscious Person- If the person is unconscious or semi-conscious, do not attempt to give them fluids, as this could lead to choking.

Avoid Alcohol And Caffeinated Beverages- These can worsen dehydration and should not be given.

Do Not Use Antipyretic Medications- Drugs like acetaminophen or aspirin are ineffective against heat stroke and may cause harm.

Do Not Apply Ice Directly To The Skin- Direct contact with ice can cause skin damage. Always wrap ice in a cloth or towel before application.

PREVENTIVE TIPS

Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.

Avoid strenuous activities during peak heat hours (typically 11 AM to 3 PM).

Wear lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-coloured clothing.

Use fans or air conditioning to keep indoor environments cool.

Take frequent breaks in shaded or cool areas when working outdoors.

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