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One of the most severe types of primary headache disorders recognised by medical science is cluster headaches. These painful headaches distinguished by their severe unilateral pain are among the most painful diseases people may experience. As the name indicates, these severe headaches appear in periodic cycles or clusters. The pain can last anywhere from fifteen minutes to three hours and usually appears on one side of the head, generally around the eye. Cluster headaches are characterised by their clockwork-like accuracy; they usually wake patients from sleep at the same time every day.

Although studies suggest the hypothalamus, the brain's biological clock plays a significant impact, the precise mechanism is still partly unknown. This explains why the timing of these headaches is surprisingly regular and usually follows seasonal patterns.

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Mahesh Jadhav, Consultant - Neurology, Manipal Hospital, Kharadi, Pune lists the common triggers of this most painful headache and its treatment options.

Common Triggers Of Cluster Headache

  • High Heights
  • Bright lighting
  • Strong paint or gasoline smells
  • Alcohol Use

The episode could be triggered by physical effort or modifications to sleep patterns. Men are impacted three times more often than women, according to clinical statistics which shows a significant gender bias.

What Happens During An Attack?

Intense pain is experienced by patients during an attack along with several characteristic symptoms like excessive tears, nasal congestion, face sweating and a drooping eyelid on the affected side. Many people can't lie motionless, so they constantly rock or pace back and forth to deal with the pain.

Treatment Options

Although there are different methods of treatment, many patients find that oxygen therapy is very beneficial. When administered as a nasal spray or injection, triptans can help prevent attacks. Lithium or verapamil are examples of preventive drugs that may lessen the frequency of episodes. Although there is no cure, controlling the condition can be helped by knowing personal triggers and sticking to a regular sleep routine. Because cluster headaches can often be mistaken as sinusitis or migraines, medical professionals stress the significance of getting a correct diagnosis.

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