Chandipura Virus: Sixteen out of 33 districts in Gujarat have reported cases of Chandipura virus (CHPV), after the results for the 55 samples the state health department sent to the National Institute of Virology arrived.
The Chandipura virus is a member of the Vesiculovirus genus within the Rhabdoviridae family, which also includes the rabies virus. It was first isolated in 1965 from the blood of two adults with a febrile illness in Chandipura, a village in Nagpur, Maharashtra. The virus is named after this village. Dr Tushar Tayal, Lead Consultant, Department of Internal Medicine, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram explained the symptoms, causes, symptoms and treatment of Chandipura virus.
Chandipura Virus Transmission
The virus is transmitted by vectors, likely the female Phlebotomine sandfly, which are prevalent during the early monsoon period.
Clinical Manifestations Of Chandipura Virus
Chandipura infection leads to encephalitis, causing inflammation or swelling of the brain tissue. Typical symptoms include:
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- Rapid onset of fever
- Vomiting
- Altered sensorium (changes in mental status or consciousness)
- Convulsions
- Diarrhoea
- Neurological deficits (such as inability to speak, loss of balance, vision changes)
- Meningeal irritation (signs may include headaches, neck stiffness, photophobia, and seizures)
Affected Population
The virus predominantly affects children under the age of 15, mainly in rural areas. It is highly fatal, with death potentially occurring within 48 hours of hospital admission. Recent outbreaks, such as the one in Gujarat, have seen all suspected deaths in children.
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Chandipura Virus Treatment and Prevention
Currently, there is no specific antiviral agent or vaccine available for the Chandipura virus. Early diagnosis and supportive treatment are crucial for managing the infection.
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