- By Priyanka Munshi
- Wed, 24 Jul 2024 04:33 PM (IST)
- Source:JND
Understanding preterm labor is crucial for all women, as it significantly impacts the health and well-being of both the mother and the child. Preterm labor occurs when a woman goes into labor before 37 weeks of pregnancy, which can result in several health issues for the baby. Prematurely born babies often face respiratory, digestive, and neurological problems due to their underdeveloped organs. They may also experience developmental delays and long-term health issues.
Also, recognizing the signs of preterm labor is essential for seeking timely medical intervention. These signs include frequent contractions, lower back pain, and changes in vaginal discharge. Early detection and treatment can sometimes stop or delay labor, giving the baby more time to develop in the womb, which is the safest place for growth. In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Prasad Kulat, a senior consultant obstetrician and gynecologist at Ankura Hospital in Pune, discussed the causes, symptoms, and risk factors of preterm labor.
Preterm birth is a pressing concern that demands urgent attention. With millions of babies born prematurely each year, the impact on their health and well-being cannot be overstated. Addressing preterm birth requires a multi-faceted approach that encompasses medical interventions and lifestyle changes.
According to Dr. Prasad, preterm labor occurs when the cervix opens due to regular contractions between 24 to 34 weeks (early preterm) and 34 to 37 weeks (late preterm) of pregnancy, leading to premature birth. The earlier the baby is born prematurely, the higher the health risks. Many premature babies require specialized care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The exact cause of preterm labor is often unknown. While certain risk factors may elevate the likelihood of preterm labor, it can also happen in pregnant women without any known risk factors.
The onset of preterm labor can be attributed to a variety of reasons. The likelihood of experiencing premature labor is significantly higher if you have previously given birth prematurely, are currently pregnant with twins, triplets, or more, or have experienced issues with your uterus, cervix, or vagina in the past.
What Are The Symptoms Of Preterm Labor?
The symptoms of preterm labor include experiencing continued contractions within an hour that do not subside after changing positions or relaxing. Consistent tightening or aching in the lower back that may be intermittent or constant and does not alleviate with position changes. Lower abdominal cramps resembling gas pain, possibly accompanied by diarrhea. Heightened pressure in the pelvis or vagina, along with persistent menstrual-like cramps. Increased vaginal discharge, possibly tinged pink or mucus-like. Leakage of fluid from the vagina, potentially amniotic fluid. Vaginal bleeding, flu-like symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, and reduced fetal movements are also warning signs.
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Various factors can increase the risk of preterm labor, such as a history of previous preterm labor or premature birth, carrying multiple fetuses, cervical shortening, uterine or placental issues, smoking or using illicit drugs, certain infections, chronic conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, stressful life events, excessive amniotic fluid, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, fetal birth defects, and specific intervals between pregnancies.
What Are The Complications?
The complications may involve the birth of a premature baby, leading to various health issues such as low birth weight, respiratory challenges, underdeveloped organs, and vision impairments. Prematurely-born children also have chances of cerebral palsy, learning difficulties, and behavioral issues.
Preterm Labor Management:
In addition to medical interventions, holistic strategies for preterm labor management are gaining attention. Mind-body techniques, such as mindfulness meditation and relaxation exercises, reduce stress and anxiety in expectant mothers experiencing preterm labor. Personalized care plans that address individual risk factors and psychosocial needs have been found to improve maternal outcomes while lowering the likelihood of preterm birth. Seeking regular prenatal care to monitor your and your baby's health, reporting any concerning signs or symptoms, eating a nutritious diet, and avoiding harmful substances such as smoking and illicit drugs is beneficial for women.