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Asthma is one of the common chronic respiratory conditions characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing. It is affecting millions of people across the globe and according to a study by the Global Burden of Disease, India accounted for nearly 13% of the world’s asthma burden. The rapid urbanization, growing pollution levels, and changing lifestyles have contributed to a steady increase in respiratory diseases, including asthma.

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr Puneet Khanna HOD, Pulmonology & Respiratory Medicine, Manipal Hospital Dwarka, New Delhi listed out some major and common symptoms of asthma i.e. coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and fatigue.

According to the doctor, there are some key factors that trigger the asthma in individuals-

Allergens

Many people with asthma are allergic to substances like pollen, dust mites, mould spores, and animal dander. These allergens can cause an immune system response, leading to inflammation and asthma symptoms.

Air Pollution

One of the most pressing issues in India is the worsening air quality. Exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), vehicular emissions, and industrial pollutants can irritate the airways, making asthma worse.

Smoking (Active and Passive)

Smoking is a major trigger for asthma. Even passive smoking, which is inhaling second-hand smoke, can severely irritate the lungs. Children and elderly people living in households where smoking occurs are at greater risk of developing asthma.

Weather Conditions

Asthma symptoms can worsen in extreme weather conditions, whether it’s a hot, humid day or a sudden drop in temperature. Seasonal changes, particularly during monsoon or winter, often lead to an increase in asthma-related hospitalizations.

Stress and Emotional Factors

Asthma isn’t just a physical condition; emotional stress, anxiety, and depression can exacerbate symptoms. The connection between mental health and asthma is strong, and emotional stress can trigger an asthma attack by affecting how one breathes.

Further, he said certain lifestyle modifications will help in managing the disease which includes regular physical activity or low-impact exercises like walking, swimming or yoga can improve lung function, a healthy diet rich in antioxidants (found in fruits and vegetables) can help reduce inflammation, avoiding smoking and stress reduction techniques like mindfulness, yoga and therapy can reduce stress, which is a common asthma trigger.

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Asthma is a common respiratory problem (Image Credits: Canva)

Moreover, he said that the primary approach for the treatment includes the use of inhalers with reliever inhalers providing quick relief during an asthma attack and preventer inhalers reducing inflammation to prevent future attacks. Asthma may be a lifelong condition, but with proper understanding and management, people with asthma can lead full, healthy lives. By identifying the triggers and implementing appropriate lifestyle and medical interventions, one can navigate the labyrinth of asthma with greater ease. With rising awareness and better healthcare practices, we can hope for a future where asthma is no longer a leading cause of suffering and death in India.

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