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List of Bihar's 38 Districts: Bihar, located in eastern India, is a state known for its rich history, culture and political significance. With 38 districts, Bihar is gearing up for its upcoming state assembly election, scheduled to take place on 6 and 11 November 2025. Both the BJP and the RJD are competing to their best in this election. The election is set to be a significant event that will shape the future governance and development of the state. Each district, with its unique demographic profile and challenges, will play a crucial role in determining the electoral outcome. The election is expected to bring key development issues to the forefront, including infrastructure, education and rural development, as candidates focus on addressing the needs of their constituents.

Districts such as Patna, East Champaran and Gaya will witness intense political activity as parties compete for voter support. Effective administration within these districts is vital for smooth electoral processes, ensuring that every eligible voter can participate. Overall, the election will be a milestone for Bihar, reflecting the aspirations of its people and the evolving political landscape of this historic state.

Role Of Bihar’s Districts In State Development

Each of the 38 districts that make up Bihar functions as a basic administrative division. To effectively manage governance, these districts are further subdivided into blocks and subdivisions. By carrying out welfare programs, health initiatives, educational programs and infrastructure projects, they significantly contribute to the state's development. By bridging regional disparities, districts assist in ensuring that government services are accessible to both urban and rural populations.

They are also essential for tracking social development, agricultural productivity, and economic growth. Since every district advances Bihar as a whole, they are essential to the state's administrative planning and policy implementation.

 

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 List of 38 Districts in Bihar with Their Subdivisions, Area, Population and Significance

S. No. District Name & Headquarters Area (km²) Population Census data (2011) Administrative Subdivisions (Anumandal) Significance
1 Araria 2,830 2,811,569 Araria, Forbesganj Important for agriculture and trade with Nepal
2 Arwal 637 699,000 Arwal Known for its cultural heritage and rural economy
3 Aurangabad 3,303 2,540,073 Aurangabad, Daudnagar Rich historical sites and mineral resources
4 Banka 3,018 2,034,763 Banka Known for forest resources and Shakti Peeth temples
5 Begusarai 1,917 2,970,541 Begusarai, Teghra, Manjhaul, Bakhri, Balia  Industrial and agricultural hub
6 Bhagalpur 2,569 3,037,766 Bhagalpur Sadar, Kahalgaon, Naugachhia Famous for silk production, the "Silk City"
7 Bhojpur (Arrah) 2,473 2,728,407 Arrah Sadar, Jagdishpur, Piro Historical importance in the freedom movement
8 Buxar 1,624 1,706,352 Buxar, Dumraon Archaeological sites and agricultural economy
9 Darbhanga 2,278 3,937,385 Darbhanga Sadar, Benipur, Biraul Cultural centre with rich Maithili heritage
10 East Champaran (Motihari) 3,968 5,099,371 Motihari, Areraj, Chakia, Pakri Dayal, Raxaul, Sikrahana(Dhaka) Site of Mahatma Gandhi’s Champaran Satyagraha
11 Gaya 4,978 4,391,418 Gaya Sadar, Neemchak Bathani, Sherghati, Tekari, Wazirganj Religious significance, Bodh Gaya Buddhist heritage
12 Gopalganj 2,033 2,562,012 Gopalganj, Hathua Agricultural economy and political significance
13 Jamui 3,099 1,760,405 Jamui Mineral-rich region, especially for coal
14 Jehanabad 1,569 1,125,313 Jehanabad Historical role in regional politics
15 Kaimur (Bhabua) 3,363 1,626,384 Bhabua, Mohania Rich in natural resources and forests
16 Katihar 3,056 3,071,029 Katihar, Barsoi, Manihari An important rice and jute-producing district
17 Khagaria 1,486 1,666,886 Khagaria, Gogri An agricultural base with flood-prone areas
18 Kishanganj 1,884 1,690,400 Kishanganj Tea production and unique cultural diversity
19 Lakhisarai 1,228 1,000,912 Lakhisarai Small district with cultural and religious sites
20 Madhepura 1,788 2,001,762 Madhepura, Uda Kishunganj Agriculture and flood management challenges
21 Madhubani 3,501 4,487,379 Madhubani, Benipatti, Jhanjharpur, Phulparas Famous for Madhubani art and cultural heritage
22 Munger 1,419 1,367,765 Munger, Kharagpur Historical forts and a rich cultural tradition
23 Muzaffarpur 3,173 4,801,062 Muzaffarpur East, Muzaffarpur West The major lychee-producing district
24 Nalanda (Bihar Sharif) 2,354 2,877,653 Bihar Sharif, Rajgir, Hilsa Ancient Nalanda University, UNESCO World Heritage
25 Nawada 2,492 2,219,146 Nawada, Rajauli Agricultural district with historical significance
26 Patna 3,202 5,838,465 Patna Sadar, Patna City, Barh, Danapur, Masaurhi, Paliganj Capital city, political and educational centre
27 Purnia 3,228 3,264,619 Purnia Sadar, Banmankhi, Baisi, Dhamdaha Agricultural and trade hub in northern Bihar
28 Rohtas (Sasaram) 3,850 2,959,918 Sasaram, Dehri-on-Sone, Bikramganj Rohtasgarh Fort and rich mineral resources
29 Saharsa 1,696 1,900,661 Saharsa Sadar, Simri Bakhtiyarpur Agricultural district prone to floods
30 Samastipur 2,905 4,261,566 Samastipur Sadar, Dalsinghsarai, Rosera, Patori Cultural centre with agricultural importance
31 Saran (Chhapra) 2,641 3,951,862 Chhapra, Marhaura, Maharajganj Historical and cultural significance
32 Sheikhpura 689 636,342 Sheikhpura Smallest district, known for agriculture
33 Sheohar 443 656,246 Sheohar The least populous district with tribal and rural areas
34 Sitamarhi 2,199 3,423,574 Sitamarhi Sadar, Pupri, Bairgania Mythological and religious importance
35 Siwan 2,219 3,330,464 Siwan Sadar, Maharajganj Known for political activism and history
36 Supaul 2,425 2,229,076 Supaul, Birpur, Triveniganj Flood-prone agricultural district
37 Vaishali(Hajipur) 2,036 3,495,021 Hajipur, Mahnar, Mahua Historical district, birthplace of the ancient republic
38 West Champaran (Bettiah) 5,228 3,935,042 Bettiah, Bagaha, Narkatiaganj Political history and border trade with Nepal

Source: Wikipedia 

 

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In conclusion, the 38 districts of Bihar serve as the foundation for the governance and advancement of the state. With its unique territory, population and subdivisions, every district is essential to the execution of governmental plans, the development of infrastructure, and the upholding of social welfare initiatives. Given the impending state elections in 2025, it is particularly critical to comprehend the administrative structure and demographics of these districts in order to analyse political trends and development priorities.

Every district makes a contribution to Bihar's overall development, from healthcare and education to agriculture and economic expansion. This thorough analysis demonstrates how these districts work together to influence the state's governance, culture, and future.