• Source:JND

Delhi Smog: Severe smog episodes in Delhi have increased nearly three times since 2010, a new study has found, raising concerns over the long-term impact of policy changes on air quality in the national capital and the wider NCR region.

The study, conducted by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology in collaboration with the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Commission on Air Quality Management, analysed pollution patterns during the stubble burning season between 2017 and 2021.

Shift In Stubble Burning Season

Researchers linked the rise in severe smog to the implementation of the Groundwater Conservation Policy of 2009 in Punjab and Haryana, which came into force in 2010. The policy delayed the sowing of paddy crops, reducing the gap between crop maturity and harvesting.

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As a observed result, stubble burning, which earlier peaked in October, shifted largely to November. Scientists said this timing change has had a major impact on Delhi’s air quality.

Sharp Rise In AQI And Smog Duration

According to the study, the shift in burning season led to an average rise of around 90 points in Delhi’s Air Quality Index. The duration of severe smog increased by nearly 275 per cent, rising from 89 hours earlier to 334 hours in recent years.

Experts explained that November weather conditions worsen the problem. Cooler temperatures, weak winds and low atmospheric ventilation prevent pollutants from dispersing, allowing them to remain trapped near the ground.

PM2.5 levels surge

The study reported a 36 per cent rise in PM2.5 concentrations compared to 2010, with levels increasing by nearly 60 micrograms per cubic metre. On some days, PM2.5 levels in Delhi were recorded as high as 600 micrograms per cubic metre, especially when north-westerly winds carried pollution from stubble burning regions.

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Aerosols And Health Impact

Researchers also observed a 40 per cent increase in aerosols, tiny particles such as dust and smoke that block sunlight and further limit air movement. This process keeps pollution close to the surface, increasing health risks.

The study noted that the worsening air quality has also affected public health. In October and November 2021 alone, around 205 additional illness cases were recorded, highlighting the growing health burden linked to severe winter pollution.


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