Understanding the maternal and fetal health risks associated with obesity during pregnancy cannot be overstated, and it is essential to delve deeply into this issue. Obesity can lead to numerous health complications that affect both the mother and the baby. For mothers, excess weight increases the likelihood of conditions such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and hypertension. These conditions can also raise the risk of requiring a C-section and slow down recovery after childbirth. Additionally, obesity can make labor more painful and difficult and increase the chances of infections during delivery.

For the baby, maternal obesity is linked to a higher risk of premature birth, birth defects, stillbirth, childhood obesity, and metabolic issues. Babies born to obese mothers are at a higher risk of developing heart and breathing problems as well. In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Preethika Shetty, a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist at Motherhood Hospitals in Kharadi, discussed the maternal and fetal health problems linked to obesity in pregnant women. She emphasized the importance of maintaining an optimal weight during pregnancy to avoid complications for both the mother and the baby.

According to Dr. Preethika, obesity is a complex issue influenced by various factors. Sedentary lifestyles, marked by a lack of physical activity, play a significant role in weight gain. Consuming excessive calories, especially from processed foods and sugary drinks, also contributes to obesity. Additionally, genetic factors can predispose individuals to weight gain, while hormonal imbalances can impact metabolism and weight regulation. Socioeconomic disparities, such as limited access to healthy food options and safe exercise facilities, further exacerbate obesity rates. These interconnected factors underscore the multifaceted nature of obesity and emphasize the need for comprehensive strategies to address this growing public health concern.

Also Read: Can Genetic Testing Help In Identifying Arthritis Risk? Doctor Explains

Many obese women require prenatal care to ensure the well-being of both mother and baby. However, some fail to follow the advice given by their doctors. Obesity during pregnancy poses risks not only to the mother but also to the baby. Expectant mothers with obesity face a heightened risk of complications, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, miscarriage, stillbirth, and cesarean delivery. These conditions impact immediate outcomes for mother and child and can lead to long-term health challenges, such as cardiovascular disease for both.

The babies may suffer from complications such as heart and neural tube defects and may be larger than average at birth, increasing the risk of childhood obesity. Problems with the placenta and fetal growth are also common.

Dr. Preethika Shetty advised that obese pregnant women should take the following steps to maintain a healthy weight:

Exercise Regularly: Following a personalized approach to daily exercise, such as walking or swimming, can boost mood and energy levels.

Nutritional Management: Focus on eating whole foods rich in essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, iron, folate, and good fats. Incorporating colorful fruits and vegetables can help ensure satiety and provide vital nutrition for both mother and baby. Avoid spicy, oily, canned, and processed foods.

Support And Relaxation: Join support groups, speak with other pregnant women facing similar challenges, and practice relaxation techniques like yoga and meditation.

Also Read: Breast Cancer Awareness Month 2024: Understanding The Risk Factors Associated With Breast Cancer From An Expert

Collaborative Care: A team approach involving gynecologists, nutritionists, and physiotherapists is crucial. Gynecologists can assess overall health and provide medical guidance. Nutritionists can develop meal plans suited to Indian dietary preferences, while physiotherapists can provide safe exercise routines, improve posture, and teach relaxation techniques.

By following these strategies, obese pregnant women can navigate their pregnancy with confidence, ensuring positive outcomes for themselves and their babies.