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Childhood obesity has become a major global health concern, but experts emphasise that it cannot be blamed on junk food alone. While processed snacks, sugary beverages, and fast food play a significant role, childhood obesity is a complex condition influenced by a web of factors including genetics, lifestyle, environment, mental health and even family dynamics. Understanding this multifactorial nature is essential for tackling the problem effectively and ensuring children grow up with healthier habits.

In a conversation with The Daily Jagran, Dr Mayank Madan, Director, Minimal Access and Bariatric Surgery, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram listed the factors that contribute to childhood obesity other than junk food.

Factors That Contribute To Childhood Obesity 

Sedentary Lifestyle

One key factor is the increasingly sedentary lifestyle among children. With the rise of digital entertainment video games, smartphones, and streaming platforms, physical activity has dropped drastically. Children today spend more time indoors and far less time in outdoor play or sports. This reduced energy expenditure when combined with calorie-dense diets accelerates weight gain. Experts highlight that obesity prevention must address both food choices and activity levels to restore balance.

Genetics And Biology

Genetics and biology also play a role. Some children may be predisposed to gain weight more easily due to inherited metabolic factors. Additionally, hormonal imbalances such as insulin resistance or thyroid disorders can contribute to weight gain in ways unrelated to diet. While genes alone don’t determine a child’s weight, they interact with environmental factors, making some children more vulnerable to obesity than others.

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Psychological And Social Factors

Psychological and social factors are equally important. Stress, emotional eating and lack of proper sleep have been linked to unhealthy weight gain in children. Studies show that children experiencing anxiety, depression or family stress may turn to food for comfort, leading to overeating. Poor sleep patterns also disrupt hunger-regulating hormones like leptin and ghrelin, increasing appetite and cravings for high-calorie foods. This makes obesity not just a dietary issue but also a mental and emotional health challenge.

Family And Socioeconomic Environment

Family and socioeconomic environment further influence childhood obesity risk. Children from households with limited access to fresh fruits, vegetables, and safe spaces for physical activity often rely on cheaper, processed foods. Busy parents juggling work may resort to convenience meals, unintentionally encouraging poor eating habits. Moreover, cultural perceptions of body weight and lack of awareness about healthy nutrition also shape children’s lifestyle choices. Also, parents need to lead by example. Practising rather than preaching should be the approach.

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Experts stress that combating childhood obesity requires a holistic approach. Beyond limiting junk food, interventions must include promoting regular physical activity, ensuring adequate sleep, managing stress, creating supportive home environments and improving access to nutritious foods. Schools, communities and families all play a role in shaping healthier futures.