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Do you know that chest pain can have more causes than just heart attacks or heartburn, and that understanding these causes is crucial when dealing with chest pain? Even though a heart attack is frequently the first thing that comes to mind when someone complains of chest pain, there are other possible causes, such as acid reflux, generally known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

The burning sensation in the chest that is often mistaken for the signs of a heart attack is caused by acid reflux, which is the reflux of stomach acid back into the esophagus. Other symptoms, such as a sour taste in the mouth, trouble swallowing, and regurgitation, may accompany this disease, which is commonly brought on by certain foods, stress, or reclining after eating. A mistaken interpretation of chest pain might cause needless anxiety or, on the other hand, risky complacency.

It is therefore critical to pay attention to the nature of the pain, as well as its location, duration, and accompanying symptoms. A heart attack, for example, typically causes severe chest discomfort that feels like pressure or squeezing and can spread to the jaw, neck, or arms. Sweating, nausea, and dyspnea are frequently present as well. On the other hand, antacids can often reduce the pain in the chest caused by acid reflux; however, the pain may also be accompanied by burping and a burning feeling that gets worse when you lie down.

Heart attacks can cause severe chest discomfort, while acid reflux can be reduced with antacids. (Image Credit:Canva)

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Uddhavesh M. Paithankar, who is a consultant in gastroenterology at Manipal Hospital in Gurugram, talked about how people should have a proper understanding of chest pain, as it is not always a sign of heart issues. Could it be acid reflux?

The symptom of chest pain is frequently connected with cardiac conditions. However, not all chest pains are linked to cardiovascular issues. One of the lesser-known causes is acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

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There have been various studies focused on the prevalence and treatment of acid reflux. A study done by the Indian Society of Gastroenterology found that in India, GERD cases range from 8–20%. This study also highlighted the increase in cases due to lifestyle changes, eating habits, and increased stress levels.

Another study in the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology showed the effectiveness of old Indian eating practices and lifestyle changes to manage GERD symptoms. It concluded that a balanced diet rich in fiber, regular exercise, and stress management reduces GERD symptoms.

The Complexity Of Chest Pain

Chest pain is often linked with heart attacks or angina, but several other reasons can cause chest pain:

  1. Musculoskeletal Issues: Injury to chest muscles.
  2. Pulmonary Problems: Conditions like pneumonia.
  3. Digestive Issues: Including acid reflux or gallbladder disease.
  4. Psychological Factors: Panic attacks, anxiety, etc.

Among all of these, acid reflux is the culprit that mimics heart-related chest pain, creating confusion and concern.

What Is Acid Reflux?

Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. It leads to the sensation of burning in the chest, also known as heartburn. When acid reflux occurs frequently, it is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The symptoms of GERD include:

  1. Heartburn
  2. Difficulty swallowing
  3. Chest pain

Differentiating Chest Pain: Heart vs. Acid Reflux

Knowing the difference between heart-related chest pain and acid reflux is challenging, but there are some key differences:

  1. Heart-Related Chest Pain: Often spreads to the arms, back, and neck, along with sweating, nausea, and shortness of breath.
  2. Acid Reflux-Related Chest Pain: Remains in the chest and is often accompanied by a sour taste in the mouth and a burning sensation in the throat.

Diagnosis Of Acid Reflux

For diagnoses, doctors recommend:

  1. Endoscopy: To examine the esophagus for signs of damage caused by acid.
  2. pH monitoring: To check acid levels in the esophagus.

What Is The Treatment Of Acid Reflux?

To manage acid reflux, lifestyle changes, surgery, and medications are required. Some common treatment options are:

Lifestyle Changes:

  1. Eating small meals
  2. Avoiding spicy or fatty food
  3. Weight loss

Medications:

  1. Antacids
  2. H2 blockers for reducing acid production
  3. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for stronger acid suppression

Surgical Options: In severe situations, procedures like fundoplication are advised to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter.

It is crucial to keep in mind that not every chest pain is caused by a cardiac issue. It can be a result of acid reflux, which mimics heart problems by causing discomfort in the chest. To accurately diagnose and get the correct treatment, it is important to distinguish between acid reflux and heart-related chest pain. Proper diagnosis and therapy by a medical practitioner enhance quality of life.