Is Tobacco Use Major Contributor To Heart Diseases? Expert Explains Dangerous Health Hazards Of Smoking

Many people are unaware that passive smoking also increases the chances of heart-related issues due to the presence of tobacco in cigarettes. Quitting smoking or tobacco use is much better for overall health. It helps reduce life-threatening conditions and improve well-being. By understanding these health risks, you can make better choices for your health, and quitting smoking is one of the best decisions you can make.

In a conversation with Dr. Rishi Bhargava, a Consultant Interventional Cardiologist at Medicover Hospitals in Navi Mumbai, we discussed the dangers of smoking and the cardiac health risks that everyone should be aware of.

According to Dr. Bhargava, tobacco use remains a significant risk factor for heart disease globally. Studies consistently show that both active smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke can lead to various cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. The chemicals in tobacco smoke damage the lining of blood vessels, increase blood pressure, and promote the formation of fatty deposits in the arteries, all of which contribute to heart disease. Even exposure to secondhand smoke significantly increases the risk of heart disease. Nonsmokers who are regularly exposed to tobacco smoke are at higher risk of experiencing cardiovascular problems such as heart attacks and strokes. Harmful chemicals inhaled through secondhand smoke can damage blood vessels and cause blockages in the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis and other heart complications.

Also Read: Expert Lists Ways To Help Someone Who Is Experiencing Suicidal Thoughts

How Does Tobacco Impact Heart Health?

Tobacco is closely linked to heart issues, including heart disease and stroke. When someone uses tobacco in any form, the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage blood vessels and the heart. Smoking significantly raises the risk of heart attacks. Chemicals like nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar are especially harmful to the heart and blood vessels. Nicotine constricts blood vessels, increases heart rate, and raises blood pressure, putting extra strain on the cardiovascular system. Carbon monoxide reduces the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity, depriving the heart and other organs of essential oxygen. Tar contains harmful substances that damage blood vessels, promoting the formation of fatty deposits (plaques) in the arteries, which leads to atherosclerosis and increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Over time, this damage causes conditions like atherosclerosis, restricting blood flow to the heart and brain and raising the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Tobacco also disrupts fat balance, raising triglycerides and lowering HDL cholesterol (the good cholesterol), both of which are risk factors for heart disease.

Smoking increases the risk of heart disease in women by damaging blood vessels, raising blood pressure, and causing cholesterol imbalances. Additionally, it raises the risk of blood clots and decreases the heart's ability to function properly.

Can Consuming Tobacco During Pregnancy Impact Both Maternal And Fetal Heart Health?

Smoking during pregnancy has harmful effects on both maternal and fetal heart health. For the mother, it increases the risk of complications such as high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and placental problems, which can indirectly affect heart health. Smoking during pregnancy also raises the mother's risk of developing heart disease later in life. For the fetus, tobacco smoke exposure restricts oxygen and nutrient supply, hindering fetal growth and development, including the heart. This can cause congenital heart defects and irregular heart rhythms. Smoking during pregnancy also increases the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, both of which are linked to cardiovascular problems later in life.

Dr. Bhargava added that even e-cigarettes and vaping products contain harmful chemicals, including nicotine, which raises blood pressure and heart rate, leading to an increased risk of heart disease. The aerosol produced by vaping can contain toxic chemicals that damage blood vessels and increase inflammation, contributing to cardiovascular problems. Among younger populations, who are increasingly drawn to vaping products, nicotine exposure during adolescence and young adulthood can impair brain development and increase the risk of addiction to nicotine and other substances. It is essential to discourage the use of these products.

Who Is At Risk Of Cardiac Problems Due To Tobacco Consumption?

People with existing heart conditions, such as a history of heart attacks or heart failure, are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of tobacco. Women who smoke are at a higher risk of heart disease than men, especially as they age. Younger individuals who start smoking are more likely to develop heart problems earlier in life compared to non-smokers. Many young people, between the ages of 21 and 35, are seeking medical help for heart attacks and other heart problems related to smoking.

What Are The Signs Of Heart Disease That Tobacco Consumers Should Know?

Tobacco users should be aware of signs of heart disease, including chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, irregular heartbeats (palpitations), swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet, and frequent indigestion or nausea. If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to consult a doctor for proper evaluation and treatment.

Also Read: PCOS Awareness Month 2024: Know About Signs And Symptoms Of PCOS From Expert

What Are The Tips To Keep The Heart Healthy?

Quitting smoking can lead to significant improvements in heart health, even for long-term smokers. Within a few weeks of quitting, blood pressure and heart rate begin to normalize, and within a year, the risk of heart disease drops considerably. Long-term benefits include a reduced risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular conditions. Seek support from healthcare professionals, utilize special programs and medications if needed, and find alternative coping mechanisms for stress. It's never too late to quit, and every step towards a smoke-free life is a step toward better heart health. To maintain heart health, exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, avoid smoking, manage stress, limit alcohol intake, get enough sleep, and attend regular check-ups. To repair heart damage from tobacco, focus on healthy habits, including eating antioxidant-rich foods, omega-3 fatty acids from fish, nuts, and seeds, and fiber from whole grains.

What Is The Effect Of Tobacco On Recovery After A Heart Attack?

Tobacco use can significantly hinder recovery and rehabilitation after a heart attack. Smoking delays healing and increases the risk of complications such as recurrent heart attacks, blood clots, and poor outcomes after medical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery. Smoking worsens underlying cardiovascular conditions, hindering rehabilitation efforts. Stopping tobacco use is crucial for proper healing.

At last Dr. Rishi, It is possible to reverse some cardiovascular damage caused by long-term tobacco use through a healthy lifestyle, even without medications. Quitting smoking, exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, reducing stress, getting enough sleep, and avoiding secondhand smoke can help reverse some of the cardiovascular damage. People with existing heart conditions should gradually reduce nicotine intake, use stress-reduction techniques, and monitor their cardiovascular health closely. Quitting smoking is one of the most important steps you can take to protect your heart and overall well-being. Get guidance from a cardiologist who can provide personalized recommendations. Let’s commit to a tobacco-free life for better heart health and a healthier future for ourselves and future generations.