Thyroid Eye Disease: Doctor Shares 7 Warning Signs You Should Never Ignore

Thyroid Eye Disease, or Graves' ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune disease wherein the orbit of the eye becomes inflamed because of the malfunctioning of the thyroid gland, particularly hyperthyroidism. The 2024-2025 data indicate that out of the total number of thyroid disorders in India (approximately 42 million), about 30 per cent of the patients with Graves’ disease develop eye complications. This disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks tissues around the eyes, leading to inflammation, swelling, and other visible symptoms. It not only affects one's appearance but also has the potential to be a threat to one's vision if it remains untreated.

Thyroid Eye Disease primarily affects individuals with overactive thyroid glands, although it can also develop in those with normal or even underactive thyroid levels. Stress, smoking, and genetic predisposition are considered to increase the risk, according to experts. Early signs, including bulging of the eyes, dryness, irritation, or double vision, ensure early diagnosis and better outcomes. In conversation with The Daily Jagran, Dr. Niteen Dedhia, Medical Director - Ojas Maxivision Eye Hospitals, shares warning signs of thyroid eye disease that every person should know.

Dr. Niteen Dedhia states, “Thyroid Eye Disease is frequently mistaken for common eye strain or dryness, often delaying diagnosis and care. Yet, this condition, affecting nearly 30 per cent of Graves' disease patients in India, demands early recognition and timely intervention.”

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He adds, “The eyes, as delicate and visibly impacted organs, are often the first to signal deeper systemic imbalances. A collaborative approach between ophthalmologists and endocrinologists is vital not only to preserving vision, but also to protecting the structural and functional integrity of the eyes. Prompt care can prevent disfigurement, reduce inflammation, and restore visual comfort. The goal is clear: protect sight, prioritise ocular health, and enhance long-term quality of life for every patient navigating this complex yet treatable condition."

Thyroid Eye Disease (Image Credits: Canva)

Signs You Should Not Ignore

Persistent Dryness and Irritation: The eyes feel as if there is something rough or burning constantly and this sensation is very irritating.

Redness and Swelling: Puffed-up and inflamed areas around the eyelids and eyes.

Bulging Eyes (Proptosis): One or both eyes become visible beyond the normal contour of the face.

Double Vision: The cause of blurred or overlapping images is the misalignment of the eyes.

Eyelid Retraction: The appearance of the eyelids being abnormally wide or drawn back.

Light Sensitivity: Feeling of discomfort when in bright light or outdoors.

Diagnosis And Care Pathway

The diagnosis includes thyroid function tests, antibody screenings, and orbital imaging via CT or MRI.

Followed by a combined approach of two different specialities is required to treat this condition, where endocrinologists regulate thyroid levels, whereas ophthalmologists treat eye inflammation. Dr. Niteen Dedhia says, “Treatment options include simple lubricating eye drops and corticosteroids, up to biologic therapies in active cases. Sometimes in chronic stages, surgery is required to relieve pressure or to correct the eyelid, which helps to regain comfort and appearance. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking.”

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Followed by a combined approach of two different specialities is required to treat this condition where endocrinologists regulate thyroid levels, whereas ophthalmologists treat eye inflammation. Treatment options include simple lubricating eye drops and corticosteroids, up to biologic therapies in active cases. Sometimes in chronic stages, surgery is required to relieve pressure or to correct the eyelid, which helps to regain comfort and appearance. Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking. 

With the rising incidence of thyroid disorders, it is vital to raise awareness about Thyroid Eye Disease and emphasise the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. Timely detection followed by a well-planned treatment approach can help preserve vision, restore confidence, and reinforce the understanding that eye health is deeply connected to thyroid well-being.