Many people believe infertility primarily affects women, but male infertility is also common, accounting for 40-50% of cases. Male infertility is frequently overlooked and untreated, often due to societal norms, shame, and a lack of awareness. Male infertility involves any issue that hinders a man's ability to achieve parenthood, commonly due to inadequate sperm parameters like low sperm count, decreased motility, or abnormal morphology.

Additional factors contributing to male infertility include hormonal imbalances, genetic conditions, blockages in the reproductive tract, and environmental factors like exposure to toxins or excessive heat. Lifestyle choices such as smoking, heavy drinking, drug use, and being overweight can also have a significant impact. Work stress and increased career orientation among the younger generation are also factors contributing to rising infertility rates.

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Dakshayani D., Senior Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at MGM Healthcare, discussed the often-overlooked issue of male infertility. Previously, age factors were believed to only impact female fertility, but research now shows they are relevant for men as well. Studies demonstrate that as men grow older, sperm quality declines, leading to a higher chance of genetic abnormalities in their children.

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According to Dr. Dakshayani, a diagnosis of infertility can be a significant blow to the identity and self-esteem of many men. Society often ties masculinity to fertility and the ability to have children, leading to feelings of inadequacy and hesitation in seeking medical help, which in turn exacerbates emotional and mental strain. Addressing the emotional challenges of infertility is just as important as addressing the physical factors. Open conversations about male infertility can help reduce stigma and encourage men to seek timely medical assistance.

Identifying male infertility is a straightforward process, yet many men hesitate to start. Diagnosis typically involves a semen analysis to assess sperm count, motility, and morphology. Depending on the findings, additional tests like hormone assessments, genetic screenings, and imaging of reproductive organs may be needed.

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Various treatment options are available for male infertility. Men with minor irregularities can improve sperm quality through lifestyle changes, such as improving diet, increasing physical activity, and quitting harmful habits. Medications may also be prescribed to regulate hormone levels or treat infections and inflammation. For severe cases, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be effective. In cases of restricted or blocked sperm production, retrieval methods such as TESA, PESA, TESE, or FNS may be used.

Male infertility not only prolongs emotional stress but also decreases the chances of successful treatment. Early detection and timely action are critical, as fertility treatments can be time-consuming, and age can complicate achieving pregnancy. Male infertility may also indicate underlying health issues like diabetes, heart disease, or cancer. Addressing infertility can encourage broader conversations about men’s health, potentially identifying other serious conditions.

Finally, Dr. Dakshayani emphasizes that the time has come to address male infertility openly. Men should understand that fertility challenges do not diminish their masculinity or worth. Just as women are encouraged to prioritize reproductive health, men should feel empowered to do the same.