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Severe headaches around periods commonly referred to as menstrual migraines or hormone-related headaches are a prevalent condition affecting many women. These headaches are often linked to hormonal fluctuations, particularly changes in estrogen levels which occur throughout the menstrual cycle. Migraines, tension headaches and menstrual cramps often coincide while disrupting daily life.

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Manju Wali, Associate Director, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Max Super Speciality Hospital Patparganj explained the common reasons for severe headaches during periods.

Reasons For Severe Headaches Around Periods

Hormonal Fluctuations

The primary cause of headaches around menstruation is the fluctuation in hormone levels, particularly estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen levels peak mid-cycle during ovulation and then drop just before menstruation. This drop in estrogen is believed to trigger headaches in some women, especially those who are prone to migraines. Progesterone, another hormone involved in the menstrual cycle also fluctuates and can contribute to headache symptoms.

Menstrual Migraines

A subset of headaches that occur specifically around menstruation are called menstrual migraines. These migraines tend to be more intense and longer-lasting compared to regular headaches. They usually start 1 to 2 days before menstruation begins and may last through the first few days of the period. Menstrual migraines are often associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Unlike other types of migraines, menstrual migraines are closely linked to the timing of the menstrual cycle.

Serotonin Levels

Serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood regulation and pain perception, also fluctuates during the menstrual cycle. Low levels of serotonin may contribute to the onset of migraines. The drop in estrogen during menstruation affects serotonin production, leading to increased pain sensitivity and a higher likelihood of experiencing severe headaches.

Prostaglandins And Inflammation

Prostaglandins are hormone-like substances that are produced in the body during menstruation and play a role in the contraction of the uterus, helping to shed the uterine lining. High levels of prostaglandins can cause inflammation and contribute to pain which may trigger headaches. The same inflammatory response that causes cramps during menstruation can also affect the head, leading to increased headache severity.

Stress And Lifestyle Factors

In addition to hormonal changes, factors such as stress, lack of sleep, dehydration or changes in diet can exacerbate headache symptoms around periods. These lifestyle factors may compound the hormonal triggers, making headaches more severe or more frequent.

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