A strong immune system effectively fights off infections, keeping seasonal illnesses at bay. It rapidly produces antibodies, activates immune cells and eliminates pathogens. But, as the seasons change, many people experience the onset of seasonal infections like colds, flu, allergies and sinus infections seem to be a predictable part of life. However, when these infections occur more frequently or are harder to shake off than usual, it could be a sign that the body’s immune system isn’t functioning optimally.  

In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr. Ankita Baidya, Consultant- Infectious Disease, Manipal Hospital, Dwarka, New Delhi explained the major indications and causes of immune system deficiency. She also listed some simple ways to strengthen the immune system.

Indications of Immune System Deficiency

Frequency of Infections

How often one succumbs to an illness, even a seasonal one provides a fair indication of a weaker immune system. The seasonal changes that usually are seen to occur twice or thrice in a year, may trigger infections like – viral, common cold and sinus infections at a reoccurring rate. This points to an issue in the immune system’s capacity to fight back diseases.

Longevity of Infections

Although the seasonal illnesses do not stretch too far, the recovery phase is a significant indicator. If the duration of recovering from a common cold, viral or any such seasonal illness is a longer period of time, even with a prescribed course, then it points towards the concern of a deficiency in the immune system.

Vaccination Response

If the body is not responding well to vaccines for a particular illness, it signals that there is an underlying deficiency in the immune system to generate antibodies.

Causes of Immune System Deficiency

By Birth- Some children lack the White Blood Cells (WBCs) since birth. White Blood Cells are the vital cells which make up the immune system and are the key factor to protect and prevent the body from diseases. This condition is called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).

Acquired Immune System Deficiency- Commonly noticed in medical procedures like chemotherapy, this may be caused by use of certain medicines. Certain medicines may impact and further weaken the immune system. Seasonal infections like flu may induce a weakened immune system for a temporary duration. Other external factors include – low nutritional value, smoking, and alcohol.

Genes and Overactive Immune System- Due to genetic patterns in the body, certain individuals may be reactive towards environmental elements such as dust, pollen, and particular food items. This can be seen in the form of diseases like asthma and eczema etc.

Ways To Strengthen The Immune System

Eat a Balanced Diet

Ensure that your diet includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Specific nutrients like vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin D are known to support immune function.

Exercise Regularly

Moderate exercise can boost your immune response by improving circulation and promoting the production of immune cells.

Manage Stress

Practice stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing to keep your stress hormones in check.

Get Adequate Sleep

Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night, as poor sleep has been linked to reduced immune function.
 
Prohibition of Alcohol and Smoking

Smoking damages lung tissue and weakens the respiratory system, increasing susceptibility to infections. Alcohol suppresses immune cell production, making the body more prone to illnesses.

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