Hypertension, or high blood pressure is a major health disorder in India. Recent World Health Organization (WHO) research finds that approximately 22.6% of Indian adults suffer from hypertension with prevalence rising to 48.4% in those aged 60 and above. Alarmingly, only 12% of those diagnosed have their blood pressure under control. While the cardiovascular consequences of hypertension are well understood, its effect on brain health, particularly the increased risk of stroke and dementia tends to be underrecognised.
In a conversation with Jagran English, Dr Himanshu Gupta, Consultant – Cardiology, Manipal Hospital, Jaipur explained how hypertension increases the risk of serious brain issues i.e. stroke and dementia.
How Hypertension Increases The Risk Of Stroke And Dementia
Risk of Stroke- Hypertension can make arteries within the brain rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) or be occluded (ischemic stroke), both of which disrupt the oxygen supply to brain tissue and can lead to permanent damage or death.
Risk Of Dementia- Long-term hypertension harms tiny blood vessels in the brain, causing vascular dementia, the second leading cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Memory, cognition and judgment are impaired with this condition. Decreased cerebral circulation due to impaired vessels also accelerates mental deterioration, even among individuals with no history of stroke.
Warning Signs To Look Out For
- Frequent headaches or dizziness
- Blurred vision or sudden loss of the ability to see
- Forgetting recent events or confusion about them
- Sudden weakness of the face or arms
- Speaking or hearing difficulties
Tips to Prevent Or Manage Hypertension
Check Blood Pressure Often- Check your blood pressure using a reliable monitor at home and track the readings to identify any rising trends ahead of time.
Restrict Salt And Packaged Foods- Excessive sodium intake can result in high blood pressure. Consume fresh, home-cooked meals rather than packaged or canned foods.
Exercise Physically Everyday- Participate in moderate intensity exercises like walking, swimming, or cycling for at least 30 minutes on most days of week to aid in maintaining optimal blood pressure levels.
Manage Stress- Too much stress can cause a rise in blood pressure. Practice relaxation methods such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to keep stress under control.
Avoid Smoking And Excessive Alcohol- Both cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol use can harm blood vessels and raise blood pressure. Eliminating them will be helpful to improve overall health.
Take Prescription Medicines- Take your doctor's guidance on taking blood pressure medications. Do not miss doses or discontinue medicines without consulting your healthcare provider.
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